Roof
roof pitch
Drempel
Flat roof
Upper floor slab
Solid ceiling
timber-beamed ceiling
Nail binder
Attic conversion
External wall
Façade
Partition joint in a house
cellar wall
Ground floor
cellar ceiling
Stairway to the cellar
Solid ceiling
Cap ceiling
Timber joist floor/cavity
Special components
The external wall is the largest component of a building. Consequently, heat loss through this component is also significant. Depending on structural and individual factors, there are several ways to improve a house’s thermal insulation by insulating the walls: Walls can be insulated from the outside using an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS), within a rear-ventilated façade (LINK) or, for example, within the air or cavity layer (core insulation).
However, if the walls do not have air or cavity spaces, the building is a listed building, is a half-timbered house, cannot be insulated from the outside due to other town planning considerations, or external insulation is not desired (e.g. in the case of a flat owners’ association), they can be insulated from the inside. Internal wall insulation can also be carried out in stages.
There are also several options for internal insulation:
- Internal insulation using insulation boards or rolls within a cladding system
- blown-in organic fibre insulation in a timber stud frame
- Internal insulation using bonded boards
Anyone wishing to install internal insulation in a half-timbered house, for example, must first ensure that driving rain is prevented from entering the external half-timbered wall. Furthermore, the half-timbered beams on the inside of the wall must be plastered over. For internal insulation within a cladding system, suitable insulation boards can be used (internal insulation with boards).
There are internal insulation systems based on rock wool insulation boards. Thanks to their simple installation, they are ideal for renovation and refurbishment. The installation steps in detail:
Substrate: The mineral substrate must be sufficiently level, load-bearing, clean, dry, free from grease and dust, and have adequate tear resistance. The rock wool insulation boards cannot be used on timber-framed structures, structures made of timber or wood-based materials, or on organic, gypsum- or emulsion-based substrates.
No primer required: The rock wool internal insulation boards, which are coated on both sides, do not require priming. They are ready for immediate use.
Fitting the insulation boards: Apply the adhesive mortar over the entire surface of the insulation boards using a notched trowel. Also, apply the adhesive mortar over the entire surface of the prepared substrate in advance. Now press the insulation board firmly against the prepared substrate and work the adhesive into the joints. Avoid open butt joints. No adhesive must come into contact with the ends of the insulation board.
No dowelling: The rock wool internal insulation boards do not need to be dowelled. They are designed to ensure load-bearing capacity without the need for additional dowelling.
Reinforcement: A reinforcement mortar from the system is then applied to the final layer thickness – at least 5 millimetres. The reinforcement mortar should ideally be notched. The reinforcement mesh is embedded in the upper half of the reinforcement layer. Care must be taken to ensure sufficient overlap of at least 10 cm at joints and intersections. The mesh must be completely covered with reinforcement mortar. Smooth the entire surface with a trowel. Caution! Allow a curing time of 1 week before applying any further coating!
Top coat: For the top coat, healthy indoor plaster systems using fine-grained lime plasters are used. The fine-grained lime plaster is applied to a uniform thickness and smoothed. Texturise the plaster surface whilst it is setting, e.g. by felting. Please note! Allow a curing time of 1 day per mm of plaster thickness before applying further coats!
Paint finish: A vapour-permeable silicate interior paint is recommended for the coloured finish.
As internal insulation reduces the amount of valuable and expensive living space, systems with the best possible insulating properties should be used. The lower the thermal conductivity, the slimmer the insulation layer can be and the less living space is lost. However, an insulation thickness of at least 6 cm should be applied (in line with the principle: ‘if you’re going to do it, do it properly’).
It is possible (and sensible) to use different insulation thicknesses depending on the size of the room: thinner insulation for smaller rooms, thicker insulation for larger rooms.
The rock wool internal insulation board is available in two thicknesses. A thickness of 30 mm provides the minimum thermal protection required for almost all existing monolithic buildings. With a 60 mm thickness, you can even qualify for heritage building grants in more than 80 per cent of existing monolithic buildings.
Cutting: The internal insulation board can be cut easily and cleanly with a craft knife. No special insulation knives or cutting tools are required. Fine details, such as openings for sockets or grooves for cables, can be cut out quickly and easily in this way. For use on curved surfaces with a radius of 150 cm or more, the insulation board can be scored on one side as required, allowing it to be fitted precisely into the curve.